San Marino

San Marino

Introduction

Background

The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world’s oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in A.D. 301. San Marino’s foreign policy is aligned with that of the European Union, although it is not a member

social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

Geography

Location

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Geographic coordinates

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Map references

Europe

Area

total: 61 sq km
country comparison to the world: 228 land:61 sq km
water:0 sq km

Area – comparative

about one third times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries

total: 39 km
border countries:Italy 39 km

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Climate

Mediterranean

mild to cool winters

warm, sunny summers

Terrain

rugged mountains

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m
highest point:Monte Titano 755 m

Natural resources

building stone

Land use

arable land: 16.67%
permanent crops:0%
other:83.33% (2005)

Irrigated land

NA

Natural hazards

NA

Environment – current issues

air pollution

urbanization decreasing rural farmlands

Environment – international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:Air Pollution

Geography – note

landlocked

smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco

dominated by the Apennines

People and Society

Nationality

noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective:Sammarinese

Ethnic groups

Sammarinese, Italian

Languages

Italian

Religions

Roman Catholic

Population

31,817 (July 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 213

Age structure

0-14 years: 16.6% (male 2,821/female 2,474)
15-64 years:65.4% (male 10,076/female 10,734)
65 years and over:18% (male 2,537/female 3,175) (2011 est.)

Median age

total: 42.5 years
male:41.7 years
female:43.2 years (2011 est.)

Population growth rate

1.043% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 113

Birth rate

9.02 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 209

Death rate

7.89 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108

Net migration rate

9.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10

Urbanization

urban population: 94% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization:0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.095 male(s)/female
under 15 years:1.14 male(s)/female
15-64 years:0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.8 male(s)/female
total population:0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 4.72 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 186 male:4.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female:4.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 83.01 years
country comparison to the world: 3 male:80.5 years
female:85.74 years (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.47 children born/woman (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 187

Health expenditures

7.1% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 75

Physicians density

47.35 physicians/1,000 population (1990)
country comparison to the world: 1

HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

HIV/AIDS – deaths

NA

Education expenditures

NA

Literacy

definition: age 10 and over can read and write
total population:96%
male:97%
female:95%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

NA

Government

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of San Marino
conventional short form:San Marino
local long form:Repubblica di San Marino
local short form:San Marino

Government type

republic

Capital

name: San Marino
geographic coordinates:43 56 N, 12 25 E
time difference:UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time:+1hr, begins last Sunday in March

ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions

9 municipalities (castelli, singular – castello)

Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

Independence

3 September 301

National holiday

Founding of the Republic, 3 September (A.D. 301)

Constitution

8 October 1600

electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution

Legal system

civil law system with Italian civil law influences

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration

accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Suffrage

18 years of age

universal

Executive branch

chief of state: Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Gabrielle GATTI and Captain Regent Matteo FIORINI (for the period 1 October 2011-1 April 2012)
head of government:Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Antonella MULARONI (since 3 December 2008)
cabinet:Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
(For more information visit the World Leaders website ) elections:co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term

election last held in September 2010 (next to be held in March 2011)

secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term

election last held on 9 November 2008 (next to be held by 2013)
election results:Giovanni Francesco UGOLINI and Andrea ZAFFERANI elected captains regent

percent of legislative vote – NA

Antonella MULARONI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs

percent of legislative vote – NA
note:the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period

they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all are selected by the Grand and General Council

assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state

the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles

Legislative branch

unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats

members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections:last held on 9 November 2008 (next to be held by June 2013)
election results:percent of vote by party – Pact for San Marino coalition 54.2% (PDCS 31.9%, AP 11.5%, Freedom List 6.3%, San Marino Union of Moderates 4.2%), Reforms and Freedom coalition 45.8% (Party of Socialists and Democrats 32%, United Left 8.6%, Democrats of the Center 4.9%)

seats by party – Pact for San Marino coalition 35 (PDCS 22, AP 7, the Freedom List 4, San Marino Union of Moderates 2), Reforms and Freedom coalition 25 (Party of Socialists and Democrats 18, United Left 5, Democrats of the Center 2)

Judicial branch

Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Political parties and leaders

Christian Democrats or PDCS [Marco GATTI]

Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]

Democrats of the Center or DdC [Giovanni LONFERNINI]

Freedom List (including NPS and We Sammarinesi) or NS [Gabriele GATTEI]

New Socialist Party or NPS [Augusto CASALI]

Party of Socialists and Democrats or PDS [Paride ANDREOLI]

Popular Alliance or AP [Carlo FRANCIOSI]

Union of Moderates (including National Alliance or ANS [Glauco SANSOVINI] and San Marino Populars or POP [Romeo MORRI and Angela VENTURINI]

United Left or SU [Alessandro ROSSI]

Political pressure groups and leaders

NA

International organization participation

CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Paolo RONDELLI
chancery:888 27th Street NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20006
telephone:202-337-2260

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in San Marino

the ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center

the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field

the towers represent three castles built on San Marino’s highest feature Mount Titano: Guaita, Cesta, and Montale

the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

National symbol(s)

three peaks each displaying a tower

National anthem

name: “Inno Nazionale della Repubblica” (National Anthem of the Republic)
lyrics/music:none/Federico CONSOLO
note:adopted 1894

the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

Economy

Economy – overview

San Marino’s economy relies heavily on its tourism and banking industries, as well as on the manufacture and export of ceramics, clothing, fabrics, furniture, paints, spirits, tiles, and wine. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food. The economy benefits from foreign investment due to its relatively low corporate taxes and low taxes on interest earnings. San Marino has recently faced increased international pressure to improve cooperation with foreign tax authorities and transparency within its own banking sector, which generates about one-fifth of the country’s tax revenues. Italy’s implementation in October 2009 of a tax amnesty to repatriate untaxed funds held abroad has resulted in financial outflows from San Marino to Italy worth more than $4.5 billion. Such outflows, combined with a money-laundering scandal at San Marino’s largest financial institution and the recent global economic downturn, have contributed to a deep recession and growing budget deficit. Industrial production declined sharply in 2010, especially in the textile sector. However, San Marino has little national debt, and an unemployment rate less than half the size of Italy’s. The San Marino government has adopted measures to counter the downturn, including subsidized credit to businesses. San Marino also continues to work towards harmonizing its fiscal laws with EU members and international standards. In September 2009, the OECD removed San Marino from its list of tax havens that have yet to fully implement global tax standards, and in 2010 San Marino signed Tax Information Exchange Agreements with most major countries. The future of the country’s economy will be heavily influenced by the signing of a financial information exchange agreement with Italy, which many Italian investors see as fundamental for their business operations with San Marino.

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$1.137 billion (2009)
country comparison to the world: 197 $850 million (2004 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$1.535 billion (2009)

GDP – real growth rate

-13% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 215 4.3% (2007 est.)

GDP – per capita (PPP)

$36,200 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 31 $41,900 (2007)

GDP – composition by sector

agriculture: 0.1%
industry:39.2%
services:60.7% (2009)

Labor force

22,950 (June 2010)
country comparison to the world: 207

Labor force – by occupation

agriculture: 0.2%
industry:36.3%
services:63.5% (June 2010 est.)

Unemployment rate

3.8% (November 2010)
country comparison to the world: 32 3.1% (2008)

Population below poverty line

NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%:NA%

Budget

revenues: $882.1 million
expenditures:$940.4 million (2009)

Taxes and other revenues

57.5% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 10

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-3.8% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 120

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

2.8% (June 2010)
country comparison to the world: 95 -3.5% (2008)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

5.39% (September 2010)
country comparison to the world: 153 5.74% (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$NA (31 December 2008)
$1.326 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of broad money

$NA (31 December 2008)
$4.584 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit

$8.822 billion (30 September 2010)
country comparison to the world: 97 $8.008 billion (31 December 2009)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Agriculture – products

wheat, grapes, corn, olives

cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Industries

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Industrial production growth rate

-4.9% (2009)
country comparison to the world: 163

Exports

$2.436 billion (2009)
country comparison to the world: 126 $4.628 billion (2007)

Exports – commodities

building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics

Imports

$2.165 billion (2009)
country comparison to the world: 151 $3.744 billion (2007)

Imports – commodities

wide variety of consumer manufactures, food

Debt – external

$NA

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.755 (2010)
0.7179 (2009)
0.6734 (2008)
0.7345 (2007)
0.7964 (2006)

Transportation

Roadways

total: 292 km
country comparison to the world:204 paved:292 km (2006)

Military

Military branches

no regular military forces

voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari) performs ceremonial duties and limited police support functions (2010)

Military service age and obligation

16-55 for voluntary service in Voluntary Military Force (2006)

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 6,892 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 5,565
females age 16-49:6,067 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 186
female:166 (2010 est.)

Military expenditures

NA

Military – note

defense is the responsibility of Italy

Transnational Issues

Disputes – international

none