Geography Of Tonga

Location	Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Geographic coordinates	20 00 S, 175 00 W
Map references	oceania
Area	total: 748 sq km water: 30 sq km land: 718 sq km
Area comparative	four times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries	0 km
Coastline	419 km
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate	tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Terrain	most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
Natural resources	fish, fertile soil
Land use	arable land: 23.61% permanent crops: 43.06% other: 33.33% (2001)
Irrigated land	NA sq km
Natural hazards	cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Environment - current issues	deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography note	archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)

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This information was reproduced in part from the CIA World Fact book.

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Geography Of Tonga