Geography Of Turkmenistan

Location	Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan
Geographic coordinates	40 00 N, 60 00 E
Map references	asia
Area	total: 488,100 sq km water: negl. land: 488,100 sq km
Area comparative	slightly larger than California
Land boundaries	total: 3,736 km border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km
Coastline	0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)
Maritime claims
Climate	subtropical desert
Terrain	flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Vpadina Akchanaya -81 m; note - Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m) highest point: Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m
Natural resources	petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulfur, salt
Land use	arable land: 3.72% permanent crops: 0.14% other: 96.14% (2001)
Irrigated land	17,500 sq km (2003 est.)
Natural hazards	NA
Environment - current issues	contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salination, water-logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography note	landlocked; the western and central low-lying, desolate portions of the country make up the great Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; eastern part is plateau

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This information was reproduced in part from the CIA World Fact book.

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Geography Of Turkmenistan