When Does Localization Become Discrimination?
By Greg Rosner
Recently, Microsoft published an ad in Poland which showed this
picture (left) of three people in a conference room. After
publishing the ad, someone in the ad agency's global network
suggested they change the photo and replace the black man with a
white man to make the ad more appropriate for the Polish
market.
They wanted to make the images of the people more relevant
people in Poland. So that's just what they did. After the Photoshop
magic was completed and the ad was republished, there emerged a
swarm of negative blogging about this action and Microsoft's
"discrimination" in swapping out the black man for the white
man.
"We are looking into the details of this situation," Microsoft
spokesperson Lou Gellos said in a statement on Tuesday September
1st. "We apologize and are in the process of pulling down the
image."
Localization is about adapting products and information so it
conforms to a different cultural and linguistic format. It's about
saying the same thing, but in other words. And sometimes it's about
changing colors and images so that the message speaks through the
culture, both linguistically and visually.
So what went wrong with Microsoft's Polish web site ad? What's
wrong with this picture? Ad agencies make choices in ads (based on
customer bias) all the time, and for each market segment. They
choose models in photos based on skin color, hair color, body type,
sex appeal, age and so on.
So why is this ad any different?
It's not. But like with any picture, it's like a Rorschach test where people see what
they want to see. Some see happy employees in a conference room
looking at presentation or conducting a videoconference. Because
this image was changed, some now see bias and discrimination.
Advertising design and copywriting takes place in the context of
specific target audiences, because good advertisers will predict
how images will be perceived by their target markets. Advertising
has always been about creating a sense of likeness or relatedness
with its target audience through words and images. And that's
something that localization shares with Advertising; adapting the
message to fit in its new cultural context.
I didn't find any research that shows how many dark skinned
people live in Poland, but I would guess, given what I know about
recent human migrations over the past 60,000 years out of Africa,
that there aren't as many dark skinned people in Poland as there
are living in the U.S.
This is probably the reason why the photo was changed on the
Polish version of Microsoft's web site - to relate better to the
majority of the population there. Reading the English language
blogs (!) from people who are complaining about Microsoft's gaffe,
it smells suspiciously like these were Americans who projected
their own discontent on racial bias, given the on-going narrative
in the U.S. about this issue.
What did Microsoft really do wrong?
They changed the image after publishing it.
If this Photoshop change took place prior to publishing, this ad
would likely become just another middle-of-the-road advertisement
by a global company trying to localize its message to their local
markets. And nobody would take notice. It only became the subject
of the blogosphere because Microsoft was caught "localizing". So
they felt embarrassed and apologized.
So when does Localization become discrimination? When you're
caught localizing.
Consider a translation
If a translation reads as though it was a translation, then it's
not a very good one, is it? Unfortunately, you've failed as a
translator. However, if a translation reads like something that was
written in the language you're reading it in, then, all at once, it
ceases to be a translation and becomes a text, written in a certain
language. No one can tell. Consider for example what would happen
if you read a headline on the English version of the Lufthansa
Airlines web site, and then soon after, the headline was
dramatically changed. Wouldn't you immediately become suspicious
that you were reading an English translation of the German
web site instead of information that related to you? Wouldn't this
knowledge instantly cast doubt on the validity of the information
you were reading and also make you feel as though you are not their
core-customer?
From looking at Lufthansa's US English version, it looks well
localized into English, with the exception that the dollar amount
$1121 is missing a comma separator as American's typically place
after the thousand number. But this fact alone can cue me up to the
fact that Lufthansa is a German based company, trying to sell
globally, which may not be as appealing to an American, who wishes
to fly American.
So that's why it's very important to work with a translation
company that knows how to hire the right translation talent, employ
the right Q&A process and work with the right technology. We
welcome your comments.